2020. 2. 16. 12:53ㆍ카테고리 없음
Known as, the hub of the empire was a city state that became a superpower in an incredibly short period of time. A political and cultural powerhouse, it was like modern London, New York and Hong Kong all rolled into one.
It’s mentioned in the book of Genesis, in hundreds of ancient cuneiform tablets and in several old inscriptions, and was for 200 years probably the most important place in existence. But there our knowledge ends. Over the years scholars have tried to locate it anywhere from along the Euphrates River, to under modern Baghdad, to somewhere on the Tigris. Yet its location eludes us. Short of a miracle, Akkad may turn out to be the most interesting site our archaeologists will never study. Founded in 300BC by a former general of Alexander the Great, was one of the ancient world’s great centres. The capital of the Seleucid Kingdom until 64AD, it was later one of the Roman Empire’s principle outposts and the place where St Paul basically founded modern Christianity.
At its height, the city was home to half a million people - making it larger than modern-day Atlanta or Miami. Unlike some on this list, we also know where its ruins lie: just outside in modern Turkey. But good luck trying to find its most-famous landmarks. Why this happened is still a mystery. Although Hattusa was rediscovered in 1834, its long period of silence created many questions, most of which we’ll likely never answer.
Prior to the city’s abandonment, all of Hattusa’s records were apparently removed to an unknown location, leaving a great big gap in the story of the place. Although now fully uncovered and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, this lack of history means vital chunks of Hattusa’s past continue to feel lost, even as archaeologists comb for clues.
If you could travel back in time to 7th Century BC, you’d find yourself in one of the greatest cities in history. Blasted by the burning Middle Eastern sun and nestled on the banks of the Tigris River, Nineveh was opulence on a previously unimaginable scale. Fifteen elaborate gates opened up on streets criss-crossed by -style canals. Cool squares provided shade to hide from the desert heat. A great palace - unlike anything ever seen before - towered over everything, while some distance away sat the library; stuffed with all the learning of an empire.
Nineveh was, in short, magnificent. Yet for over two thousand years we managed to misplace it entirely. The second capital of the ancient kingdom of Israel, perished first in fire and then beneath the muck and dirt of history. Constructed by Omri around 870BC, it perched atop a flat-topped hill in what are now the modern Palestinian Territories.
The history of the city reads like a series of calamities unfolding with clockwork regularity. Within a century of being constructed, the city had been flattened and occupied by Assyrian invaders.
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A couple of hundred years later it was flattened once again: this time by a Jewish army. Founded in the first century on top of an older settlement, Mada’in Saleh had only a few brief years as a centre of Nabataean culture before the Romans took control. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the city simply slipped away into history. Its location and existence were mostly forgotten; few people lingered by or settled in its walls and gradually the area fell into decline. Like Petra, it remained completely unknown in the Western world until comparatively recently, while even the Islamic world only recorded it as the remains of a city Allah had been forced to destroy.